JOURNAL OF DIALECTICS OF NATURE
A Comprehensive, Academic Journal of the Philosophy, History, Sociology and Cultural Studies of Science and Technology
Author Information
NING Xiaoyu
Information
<p>School of Humanities</p><p>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences</p><p>ningxy@ucas.ac.cn</p>
Research Articles
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A Study of the Motivations for Modernization of Time Services in Xujiahui Observatory Abstract: Xujiahui observatory (1950-1962) grew out of the Zi-Ka-Wei observatory built by French Missionaries and mainly focused on the improvement of the accuracy of time services. In the 1950 s, under the name of modernization of time services, the Xujiahui observatory carried out two research projects: one was a national project initiated by the National Administration of Geodetic Surveying; the other was an international cooperative project in the International Geophysical Year (IGY) . The success of the improvement of the accuracy of time signals in the Xujiahui observatory was generally attributed to the former project. Based on the analysis of the historical materials, the paper points out that the intrinsic cause of the success lies in the requirement of IGY. In order to reach the standards of IGY, the Xujiahui observatory upgraded observational instruments, increased observational frequency and improved observational accuracy.Issue:Volume 40, lssue 9, September 2018Page: 65-72
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“Nobody Reads” or “Somebody Reads”: The Dissemination of Copernicus’s Heliocentric Theory in the 16th Century Abstract: Arthur Koestler and Owen Gingrich have presented opposing views on whether the book De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium has been “read” or “unread”. The author discusses their arguments and finds that they have reached different conclusions in relation to different readers. On this basis, the author discusses the circulation of De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium and the dissemination of the heliocentric theory at different levels in the 16th century. The book was innovative and complex and cannot be compared in terms of the sales with other contemporary astronomical works. The spread of De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium was different from the spread of Copernican heliocentrism. The heliocentrism in the 16th century was spread in different ways by different people.Issue:Volume 44, lssue 6, June 2022Page: 68-75
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From Germanium to Silicon Transistors: The Early Development of Semiconductor Technology in China Abstract: The “Four Urgent Measures” proposed in the 1956 “12-Year Long-Term Plan” were supplementary measures for the “Two Bombs” Project. As one of the “Four Urgent Measures”, the development of semiconductor technology focused on transistors. Centered on Task 40, “Establishment of Semiconductor Technology”, and on the “Four Urgent Measures”, this paper examines the connection between transistor development and the “Two Bombs” Project, as well as the reasons for the rapid transition of China’s semiconductor technology from germanium to silicon. The paper points out that, driven by the “Two Bombs” Project and centered on the development of the 109B, 109C, and 156 machines, China’s semiconductor technology achieved a rapid transition from germanium transistors to silicon transistors and established a solid foundation for the development of integrated circuits. The driving force behind this rapid transition was the urgent need for national defense modernization. With strong support from the state, scientists returning from Europe and the United States made tremendous efforts toward this goal. There was also influence and assistance from the Soviet Union prior to 1960. Key Words: “Two Bombs” Project; “12-Year Long-Term Plan”; Germanium transistor; Silicon transistor; Semiconductor technologyIssue:Volume 48, lssue 8, August 2026Page: 67-75
JOURNAL OF DIALECTICS OF NATURE
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