JOURNAL OF DIALECTICS OF NATURE
A Comprehensive, Academic Journal of the Philosophy, History, Sociology and Cultural Studies of Science and Technology
Latest Issue
Vomule 46, Issue 11
November , 2024
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Tracing the Origins of Knowledge of Language: Where Does Children’s and Machines’ Knowledge of Language Come From? Abstract: In the era of generative artificial intelligence, understanding the nature and origin of machines’ knowledge of language has become a critical inquiry across philosophy, linguistics, and artificial intelligence. This paper aims to explore the fundamental differences between advanced large language models and human children in core dimensions of language learning by comparing their language acquisition mechanisms. Children acquire language through an innate language acquisition device and universal grammar, supplemented by relatively limited postnatal language input alongside rich social interactions and embodied experiences. In contrast, machine learning is based on large datasets, advanced deep learning algorithms, and powerful computing resources. Despite their proficiency in language generation tasks, current language models primarily excel in pattern recognition, lacking deeper cognitive understanding. Similar to children, language models face challenges in extracting the intricate deep structure of language from imperfect input data. Key Words: Generative artificial intelligence; Machine language; Child language; Knowledge of language; Plato’s problempage: 1-11The Three Approaches of Justification Towards Anthropomorphism in Machines and Some Reflections on Them Abstract: With the improvement of machine design and the proliferation of social application scenarios, more and more machines have been endowed with anthropomorphic features, which has led to a series of justifications for anthropomorphism in machines. The mainstream defenses can be summarized into three approaches to justifications: the instrumentalist approach represented by Brian Duffy, the cognitive approach represented by Louisa Damiano, and the relational approach represented by Mark Coeckelbergh. Based on the commonalities and differences of these three evidential approaches, the occurrence logic of machine anthropomorphism and its realistic roots can be analyzed from such two levels as the “design-use” context and the human-machine relationship scenarios. In addition, although the above three justification approaches have responded to and partially alleviated some ethical challenges to anthropomorphism in machines, there still remain some ethical challenges such as deception, acceptability, and new types of human-machine relationship, which need to be further clarified and addressed. Key Words: Anthropomorphism in machines; Human-machine relationship; Relationalism; Design-use context; Acceptabilitypage: 29-37The Historiographical Origins of the Institutionalization of the History of Science in France (1900-1958) Abstract: Although the history of science in France is inextricably linked to the development of philosophy, the role of history is crucial in the process of the institutionalization and the internationalization of this discipline in the 20th century. In the new history movement, which sought to change the paradigm of historical research, the French historian Henri Berr proposed the “Synthèse” and attempted to unify the history of various kinds of knowledge. In this process, not only was the famous Annales School was born, but also scholars of the history of science and Henri Berr cooperated deeply. The Centre international de Synthèse founded by Henri Berr was very active in promoting the history of science, and it also promoted the establishment of institutes for the history of science in the French higher education system. The disagreement between Lucien Febvre, Alexandre Koyré and Henri Berr led to the creation of the Centre Alexandre-Koyré-CAK in the 1950s. Key Words: Henri Berr; Synthèse; The development of the history of science in France; Annales Schoolpage: 63-70Research on the Multidimensional Connotation and Practical Model of Science Communication Ethics Abstract: Ethical misconduct in science communication has occurred time and again, and the construction of responsible and ethical high-quality science communication requires not only a deep understanding of the connotation of ethics in science communication but also the further exploration of operable practice modes in complex science communication situations. This study first analyzes the connection between the ethics of science communication and the ethics of science and technology, communication ethics and social ethics with the help of case studies, and then elaborates on the principle of equality, the principle of availability, the principle of timing and other intrinsic ethics embodied in the characteristics of science communication itself on the basis of previous studies, thus constructing a multi-dimensional connotation of ethics of science communication. To further enhance the guidance of ethical practice in complex science communication situations, this study is based on the method of “integration and trade-off”, and incorporates the core concepts of utilitarianism “maximization of overall interests” and deontology “bottom-line ethics”, and extracts an ethical model of science communication practice, which provides an ethical analytical “tool” for the practice of science communication in China. Key Words: Ethics; Science communication; Popularization of science; Deontology; Utilitarianismpage: 89-98JOURNAL OF DIALECTICS OF NATURE
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