Abstract

The ancient Chinese cities are built with lines of defense. But the city with square corners and hollow piers had flaws. Since Qing Dynasty, coast defense mainly adopted the form of garrison city and castle type battery. From the beginning to the end in Qing Dynasty, the position of gun in Chinese battery experienced the change from the top of a wall, ground to semi-underground. The building materials was transposed from the stone wall and the stone wall covered by concrete to the structure of imported cement and steel plate. The shape of battery experienced from castellated style, cannon hole type to the battery with a blind pass. In Ming and Qing dynasty the inferior fort technology is a reflection of people's thinking and other factors, which can be explained from the perspective of technology and society.

Key Words

Advanced Ship and Artillery; Opium War; Fort; Bastion; Green Standards Army

Citation: Liu, H., Liu, Y. 'Study of Chinese Sea-River Fort Technology Before and After the Opium War' [J]. Journal of Dialectics of Nature, 2017, 39(3): 14-21.

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