Abstract: 

There are four salient problems in the current state of Natural Language Processing (NLP): (1) There is no real integration among different sub-areas of NLP; (2) There is no real integration among NLP and other branches in AI; (3) The limited successes of big-date-based NLP approaches are based on the exploitation of human labor; (4) Big-date-based NLP approaches do not perform well when they are employed to handle linguistic data with rhetorical features. The most NLP-related philosophical problems include: (1) Do human language primarily represent the external world or the internal world of the language-users? (2) Are linguistic rules innately fixed in human minds or results of the influence of language-learning environments? (3) What about the relationship between linguistic expressions and human cognitive architecture? (4) In what sense and what degree is it necessary to make language-related cognitive architecture “embodied”? 

Key Words: 

Artificial intelligence (AI); Natural language processing (NLP); Cognitive linguistic; Philosophy of language; Big-date; Schema