Abstract: Through a systematic examination of the development process, model evolution, structural characteristics, ammunition support, battlefield applications, and retired effects of the standard weapons equipped from the era of Tsarist Russia to the period of the Soviet Union, this article showcases the legendary life of the Mosin-Nagant rifle and points out its profound influence and important inspiration on the development of rifles, especially sniper rifles. And Mosin created highly reliable, precise, and world-class magazine rifles, paving the way for the thriving light weapons industry in Soviet Russia. Furthermore, from the perspective of social and technological history, a brief analysis is conducted on the development process of the Mosin-Nagant rifle, as well as some issues related to technological development and social interaction.

Key Words: Rifle; Mosin-Nagant rifle; Sniper rifle; Practical verification