Abstract: During the Period of the War of Resistance Against Japan by the Whole Nation, hand grenades

proved highly effective as weapons suitable for the mountain guerrilla warfare carried out by the Communist Party

of China (CPC)’s armed forces of anti-Japanese aggression. Their large-scale use on the frontlines was inseparable

from the support of a comprehensive hand grenade production system. Northern China, as the main battlefield for

the CPC to lead the guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines, was also a region where the production and use of hand

grenades were extremely common. Each base area in the region established a normalized hand grenade production

system, with the Shanxi-Hebei-Henan and Shanxi-Chahaer-Hebei base areas being the most representative. As the

anti-Japanese aggression base areas in Northern China focused on promoting the production of hand grenades, the

technological breakthroughs made during the production process were issues worthy of investigation. They were

not only a microcosm of the CPC’s efforts to overcome numerous difficulties and develop military industry during

the War of Resistance Against Japan, but also a concrete manifestation of the combat effectiveness, organizational

capabilities, mobilization abilities, and willpower of the CPC members during the revolutionary era.

Key Words: War of Resistance Against Japan; Military industry; Hand grenades; Shanxi-Hebei-Henan base

area; Shanxi-Chahaer-Hebei base area