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JOURNAL OF DIALECTICS OF NATURE
A Comprehensive, Academic Journal of the Philosophy, History, Sociology and Cultural Studies of Science and Technology
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Published ahead of Print
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Author Guidelines
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The Philosophical Presuppositions of the Metaverse
Abstract: The concept of Metaverse is covered by that of Expanded Reality. Expanded Reality is networked VR combined with IoT, which is mediated by Master/Slave Robot as the operating device. This leads to the new concept of Avator as the slave part of the device. Thus understood, in the Expanded Reality we can live and prosper in it and do not have to leave the virtual as a possible option. Then a range of ethical issues arise and we have to deal with these issues and establish a new academic field and explore its basic principles and rules. Key Words: Metaverse; Expanded reality; Virtual reality; World-Making ethics
Author:
ZHAI Zhenming
Issue:Volume 45, lssue 2, February 2023
Page: 1-8
Technology Invents Human Beings: A Study of Stiegler’s Epiphylogenesis
Abstract: One of the most important propositions developed by Bernard Stiegler is that technology invents human beings, which is based on André Leroi-Gourhan’s work to provide a paleoanthropological argument. First, Stiegler forges the concept of epiphylogenesis to describe the non-biological genetic process of human beings, and its carrier is technology. Second, he points out that the erect position and the use of tools facilitated the evolution of homo sapiens. Third, the evolution of technology and the evolution of human beings are coupling, and tools not only reflect the differentiation of cerebral cortex, but also promote the latter. Finally, technological niché could further support the thought of epiphylogenesis. In conclusion, human beings are the products of technology, which acts as a midwife in the evolution of human beings. Key Words: Technology; Stiegler; Epiphylogenesis; Evolution
Author:
MENG Qiang
Issue:Volume 45, lssue 2, February 2023
Page: 45-51
A Study on Tsinan Leper Hospital and Its Medicine, Research and Training
Abstract: Tsinan Leper Hospital was the only institution that integrated medicine, research, education and training for leprosy in the Period of the Republic of China. The Hospital was set up in 1926, and LeRoy F. Heimburger and H. J. Smyly successively served as its directors. It relied on the School of Medicine of Cheeloo University and formed a set of complete treatment system after years of practice. The Hospital had always been at the forefront in China in terms of treatment and the experiments of various Chinese and Western drugs; it played a key leading role in the prevention and treatment of leprosy in modern China. You Jiajun and other outstanding medical scientists who were trained by the Hospital made great contributions to the prevention and treatment of leprosy in the early period of the People’s Republic of China. Key Words: Tsinan Leper Hospital; Cheeloo University; LeRoy F. Heimburger; H. J. Smyly; You Jiajun
Author:
YE Dashen
LIU Jiafeng
Issue:Volume 45, lssue 2, February 2023
Page: 68-75
The Problems, Risks and Regulations of Emotion Recognition Technology
Abstract: Emotion recognition technology (ERT) is a new AI technology which will bring about human-computer interaction revolution. The main risks of ERT include inefficient and error-prone devices bringing harm to people; efficient and accurate devices invading personal privacy and causing social fairness and justice problems; out-of-bounds use bringing about uncontrollable risks. To minimize the corresponding risks, it is necessary to make comprehensive governance: (1) Refining the basic ethical principles of ERT. (2) Hierarchical governance. Examine whether the scientific evidence supports ERT to complete the tasks of specific fields, examine the process rationality and ethical consequences of the universalization of each type of application, and finally delineate the risk level for refined governance. (3) Emotional evaluation intensity. Different emotional evaluation intensities are customized for the machines according to different risk levels. Key Words: Affective computing; Emotion algorithms; Emotion evaluation intensity; Suspect AI; Governance strategies
Author:
RUAN Kai
Issue:Volume 45, lssue 2, February 2023
Page: 82-90
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How Could AI Develop Its Self-consciousness?
Abstract: The danger of AI will come from its self-consciousness rather than its capacity. AI would be a challenge to mankind if it develops a capacity for reflection on the system of its own, so that it would know how to remake its system with new rules, especially when it could invent its own language for all purposes, equal in capacity to human natural language, it could do anything it would. And AI would be most dangerous if it would be able to learn human desires, emotions and values, because all hostilities are based upon human desires and values.
From A Man-Machine Relationship to Inter Human Relations: Definition and Strategy of Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: In order to distinguish the intelligent machine as a tool from the robot as a subject, the definition of human must change from essentialism to functionalism. So far, artificial intelligence has gone through three stages of development: formalization, empiricization and rationalization, but it is still not in the structure, but in the function of simulating human thinking. Only a functionalist definition of human beings can be compatible with the future of new species and new humans-"uncontrolled" robots. If "uncontrolled" robots emerge, the relationship between natural person and robot will develop from human-machine relationship to inter-human relationship. This relationship is neither the relationship between man and machine, nor the relationship between man and animal, nor the relationship between natural people. Natural people should not adopt the previous strategy to treat robots. Human supremacism is not self-evident. Natural man's self-re-evolution, man-machine parallel and man-machine fusion are feasible schemes for natural man to avoid being overtaken, replaced and eliminated by robots.
Non-Reductive Explanation in Biology: Context Arguments
Abstract: Biological practice over the last several decades has shown that in many cases we cannot properly explain a higher-level phenomenon of interest only in terms of phenomena or mechanisms provided by lowerlevel explanations; to properly explain the higher-level phenomenon, information provided by the higher-level is also indispensable. One typical case is the context dependence of biological phenomena, namely, the occurrence of a higher-level phenomenon depends on its relevant environmental factors (e.g. cellular environments) which cannot simply be reduced to the lower-level (e.g. molecules) . On the other hand, the occurrence of the higher-level phenomenon can sometimes be independent of its lower-level underpinnings, since a change to the lower-level underpinnings does not necessarily result in corresponding changes in the higher-level. Facts based on these two sides constitute a ground for rejecting explanatory reductionism. This essay, by reference to examples drawn from biological practice, will discuss how contextual facts pose a challenge to explanatory reductionism.
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Seminar 6. Imperial Economies and the Exchange of Natural Knowledge in the 17th and 18th Centuries(New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries )
Welcome to join the Seminar 6. Imperial Economies and the Exchange of Natural Knowledge of New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries .
Video Playback of the Fifth Session of New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries
On January 9, at 9 a.m. Beijing time, the fifth session of New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries was held online as scheduled. The theme is The Chemical Revolution and Climate Change. The first speaker is Jan Golinski, whose speech title is : Climate Change and Society in Britain, 1790-1820. The next speaker is TONG Yichen, whose report title named Between Atomism, Elementalism, and Empiricism: The Chemical Studies of Étienne-François Geoffrey. The meeting was hosted by Professor Bernard Lightman.
Video Playbacks of the Four Session of New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries
On December 12, at 12 noon Beijing time, the four session of New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries was held online as scheduled.
Seminar 4. Gardens as Scientific Sites in the Early Modern Period(New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries )
Welcome to join the Seminar 4. Gardens as Scientific Sites in the Early Modern Period(New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries ).
Video Playback of the Third Session of New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries
On November 14, at 10 p.m. Beijing time, the third session of New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries was held online as scheduled.
Seminar 3. Darwin and the Big Picture(New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries )
Welcome to join the Seminar 2. Imagination and Innovation in Natural Philosophy of New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries.
Video Playback of the Second Session of New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries
Welcome to join the Seminar 2. Imagination and Innovation in Natural Philosophy of New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries .
Seminar 2. Imagination and Innovation in Natural Philosophy (New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries )
Welcome to join the Seminar 2. Imagination and Innovation in Natural Philosophy of New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries .
Video Playback of the first session of New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries
On September 19, at 9 a.m. Beijing time, the first session of New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries was held online as scheduled. The theme of the first session is Issues in Nineteenth Century Astronomy. The first speaker is Huang Hsiang-Fu, whose speech title is Visual Technology and Religious Sentiment in Nineteenth-Century Popular Astronomy Lecturing. The next speaker is Robert Smith, whose report named The Retellings of the Discovery of Neptune. The seminar is hosted by Professor Bernard Lightman. The following is the video playback of the seminar.
Seminar 1. Issues in Nineteenth Century Astronomy (New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries )
Welcome to join the Seminar 1. Issues in Nineteenth Century Astronomy of New Perspectives on the History of British Science from the 17th to the 19th Centuries
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