The technical introduction of Chinese mechanical industry is s main aspect and a miniature of Chinese technical introduction. The paper reviews the four historical periods of technical introduction of Chinese mechanical industry for 50 years from establishing of PRC.A great number of complete一set equipment's and technology were introduced from the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries in 1950s, and so many industrial bases in machinery were built up, which laid a foundation of Chinese mechanical industry and mechanical S&T .The technical introduction was turned to capitalist countries such as Japan and Western Europe in 1960s, and the scale was small and the progress was slow because of the influence of internal and overseas political climate.The technical introduction was extended to total western countries in 1970s,and two climax of inporting complete-set equipment appeared,which has certain blindness.The technical introduction of Chinese mechanical industry enters a new historical period after China's reform and opening to the outside, which is multiform, multimedia and mufti-level. The paper sums up and comments the positive and negative experience or lesson of the technical introduction.

This paper is an introduction to Volume Scientific Thought of A History of Science and Technology in China edited by Lu Ja-xi,including the cause of the author's study in the history of scientific thought,the connection of history of scientific thought, the mould of traditional scientific thought in China, and the characteristics of this new book.